What’s Real and What’s Noise in the Bullpen Ledger
How a reliever throws repeats year to year; what the bullpen ledger credits him for barely does. A reliever’s velocity carries over at 0.95 and his whiff rate at 0.63, but his win-probability output carries over at just 0.13 — and within a single season it correlates with itself at only 0.17. We made two independent methods fight over it across 177 relievers. The skill is real and durable; the scoreboard is nearly random. The blown save is a true account of what happened, not a verdict on the pitcher.